Graduate of International Economic Relations at the School of Economics. He wrote his doctoral dissertation on the role of the Splendid Isolation doctrine in British foreign policy. A founding member of the Britannia Social and Political Studies Group. His scholarly interests include geopolitics, particularly Anglo-American geopolitics, British foreign and economic policy, devolution, issues related to the balance of power in the world, military and economic security issues, European integration, American foreign policy and security policy.